Genetic association between fat-to-protein ratio and traits of economic interest in early lactation Holstein cows in Brazil.

The aims of this study were to estimate the genetic parameters for fat-to-protein ratio (F:P) within the first 90 days of lactation and to examine their genetic associations with daily milk yield (MY), somatic cell score (SCS), and calving interval between the first and second calving (IFSC) and between the second and third calving (ISTC) during the first three lactations of Holstein cows. We utilized 200,626 production-related data officially recorded from 77,436 cows milked two or three times a day from 2012 to 2022, sourced from the Holstein Cattle Breeders Association of Paraná State, Brazil. The (co)variance components were estimated using animal models, adopting the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method with single-trait analysis (for heritability and repeatability) and two-trait analysis (for genetic and phenotypic correlations), per lactation. Regardless of lactation number, heritability estimates were relatively low, ranging from 0.08 ± 0.005 to 0.10 ± 0.003 for F:P; 0.08 ± 0.01 to 0.18 ± 0.005 for MY; 0.04 ± 0.01 to 0.07 ± 0.004 for SCS; and 0.03 ± 0.01 for both IFSC and ISTC. Repeatability estimates within the same lactation were low for F:P (ranging from 0.17 ± 0.002 to 0.19 ± 0.03), high for MY (between 0.50 ± 0.003 and 0.53 ± 0.002), and moderate to high for SCS (between 0.39 ± 0.003 and 0.44 ± 0.004). Genetic correlations between F:P and MY ranged from -0.26 ± 0.03 to -0.15 ± 0.02; F:P and SCS, from -0.06 ± 0.03 to -0.03 ± 0.08; F:P and IFSC, 0.31 ± 0.01; F:P and ISTC, 0.20 ± 0.01; MY and IFSC, 0.24 ± 0.05; and MY and ISTC, 0.13 ± 0.08. The fat-to-protein ratio during early lactation showed low genetic variability, regardless of lactation number. Furthermore, it was genetically correlated with MY, IFSC, and ISTC, although there is an antagonistic and unfavorable correlation between traits that can limit genetic progress.

Sonographic features of abdominal organs in healthy captive Neotropical otters (Lontra longicaudis).

This study aimed to assess the sonographic features of abdominal organs in healthy captive Neotropical otters (Lontra longicaudis). The sonograph showed that the urinary bladder was located in the caudal abdomen and its content was uniformly anechoic. The bladder wall had three layers: outer hyperechoic serosa, hypoechoic muscular layer and hyperechoic mucosa. The mean total wall thickness was 0.10 cm. The splenic parenchyma had a homogeneous echotexture with greater echogenicity than that of the left renal cortex and liver. The borders were regular and tapered. Rugal folds were observed in the stomach when undistended. The mean gastric wall thickness was 0.28 cm and five distinct layers were visible. The liver had smooth contours, and division of the hepatic lobes was not precisely visualized. The hepatic parenchyma had a homogeneous echotexture with greater echogenicity as compared to the right kidney and lesser echogenicity than that of the spleen. The gallbladder appeared as an oval or rounded structure in the transverse plane, filled with homogeneous anechogenic content; the wall was thin, regular and hyperechoic, with a mean thickness of 0.09 cm. The kidneys had a lobulated appearance with renicular subunits. The mean total length of the kidneys in longitudinal plane was 6.18 cm for the left and 6.27 cm for the right. Each reniculus was covered by an echogenic capsule, and the medullary region was more hypoechogenic than the cortical region. In conclusion, sonographic features in most of the abdominal organs in Neotropical otters are similar to the ultrasound patterns observed in healthy dogs and cats, except for kidneys with reniculi.

Retrospective study of the mortality of the Vieira's titi monkey (Plecturocebus vieirai) at the Sorocaba Zoo, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The Vieira's titi monkey (Plecturocebus vieirai) was recently described and characterized as endemic to Brazil. According to the IUCN red list, this species is classified as critically endangered (CR). At the date of the publication of this manuscript, there are no published data on the health aspects of this species. METHODS: For this study, the necropsy, and histopathological data of the mortality of P. vieirai at Sorocaba Zoo (São Paulo, Brazil) were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Causes of death diagnosed included disorders of the urinary, gastrointestinal, immune, and circulatory systems. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides information regarding the pathological conditions of P. vieirai and points to urinary and gastrointestinal diseases as the main causes of death in this species at Sorocaba Zoo. These results can help veterinarians who have this species under their care diagnose and deal with it more quickly, increasing the probability of survival.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of the liver and gallbladder and hepatic histogram of non-venomous snakes.

This study aimed to describe sonographic features of the liver, gallbladder and hepatic histogram from grey-scale ultrasound in three species of healthy non-venomous snakes. Twenty-eight adult snakes were enrolled in the study, including 10 common boas (Boa constrictor), eight black-tailed pythons (Python molurus) and 10 rainbow boas (Epicrates crassus). The snakes fasted for 30 days and were manually restrained while conscious. For B. constrictor and P. molurus the liver and gallbladder were best visualized in ventral recumbency, and E. crassus in dorsal recumbency. A single elongated hepatic lobe was identified in all snakes. The gallbladder was positioned caudal and separated from the liver, with an oval shape and homogeneous anechoic content in the lumen, and thin and regular walls. A region of interest by pixel number was chosen for the liver, fat bodies, left kidney, and splenopancreas. The mean grey level (G) of the organs had significant differences within each species. Standard deviation of grey levels (SG ) had significant differences within B. constrictor and E. crassus. P. molurus had no significant difference among organs. The comparison among snakes showed that E. crassus had G of liver and splenopancreas lower than B. constrictor and P. molurus. The SG of the liver in E. crassus was lowest compared to B. constrictor and P. molurus. P. molurus showed the highest values in mean of G and SG . In conclusion, despite the liver and gallbladder having similar sonographic features, the grey-level histogram showed that liver echotexture and echogenicity differ among species.

Applicability of heart rate variability for cardiac autonomic assessment in long-term COVID patients: A systematic review.

PURPOSE: To carry out a systematic review to determine the main methods used to study the heart rate variability (HRV) in individuals after the acute phase of COVID-19. METHODS: The study followed the Preferred Items for Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and CINAHAL electronic databases were searched from the inception to November 2022. The studies were included if they used HRV assessment based on linear and non-linear methods in long-term COVID-19 patients. Review studies, theses and dissertations, conference abstracts, longitudinal studies, studies conducted on animals and studies that included individuals in the acute phase of the COVID-19 were excluded. The methodological quality of the studies was analyzed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical evaluation checklist for cross-sectional analytical studies. RESULTS: HRV was mainly assessed using 24-h Holter monitoring in 41.6% (5/12) of the studies, and 12­lead ECG was used in 33.3% (4/12). Regarding the type of assessment, 66.6% (8/12) of the studies only used linear analysis, where 25% (3/12) used analysis in the time domain, and 41.6% (5/12) used both types. Non-linear methods were combined with the previously cited linear method in 25% (3/12) of the studies. Moreover, 50% (6/12) of the studies demonstrated post-COVID-19 autonomic dysfunction, with an increase in the predominance of cardiac sympathetic modulation. The average score of the evaluation checklist was 6.6, characterized as having reasonable methodological quality. CONCLUSION: 24-h Holter and 12­lead ECG are considered effective tools to assess HRV in post-COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, the findings reveal diverse effects of COVID-19 on the autonomic nervous system's sympathovagal balance, which might be influenced by secondary factors such as disease severity, patients' overall health, evaluation timing, post-infection complications, ventilatory functions, and age.

Gastrointestinal Parasites Affecting Non-Human Primates That Are Kept Ex Situ and Their Handlers in Different Brazilian Institutions: Diagnosis and Analysis of Risk Factors.

AIM: Determining gastrointestinal parasites' frequency in non-human primates (NHPs) and handlers in different Brazilian institutions, and associate it with management information. METHODS: Different institutions in São Paulo (A), Brasília (B), Rio de Janeiro (C), Pará (D) and Santa Catarina (E) were included in the study. Fecal samples were processed by using coproparasitological techniques; information about NHP handling and professionals' routine were collected through the use of questionnaires. RESULTS: In total, 33.1% of 511 NHP samples were positive for parasites; the Entamoebidae Group and Strongyloides sp.-compatible eggs were the most detected protozoa and helminths, respectively. The Entamoebidae Group was mainly diagnosed in Alouatta from Institutions E and D, and was also the only parasite detected in handlers. Strongyloides-compatible eggs were mostly evident in fecal samples collected from Cebidae from Institutions B and D. Some risk factors associated with parasite infection were a high number of animals in the same enclosure and their use for research protocol purposes, whereas quarantine, a post-infection vacant period in enclosures and antiparasitic supply were categorized as protective factors against these agents' infection. CONCLUSIONS: Parasites showing different transmission routes but concomitantly circulating in NHP institutions located in different Brazilian regions were identified in the current study, with an emphasis on those presenting zoonotic potential.

Flea parasitism in wild mammals in the metropolitan region of Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.

Fleas are eurixenous ectoparasites that can parasitize different species of warm-blooded animals, including humans, with the possibility of causing irritation and blood spoliation. They are vectors responsible for the transmission of numerous pathogens and have a wide geographical distribution, more frequently in warm regions. Domestic animals (dogs and cats) are preferred hosts, but parasitism can also occur in wild hosts, with a greater variety of parasitic species and strong interaction between these siphonapters and their hosts. During the period from January 2021 to June 2023, flea specimens were collected from wild animals coming from the metropolitan region of Sorocaba, São Paulo. Some of these animals were animals from the zoo's own stock, which were diagnosed with parasitism during routine examinations and others were rescued from the natural environment and sent to the zoo. The flea specimens collected were packed in alcohol 700 GL and sent for microscopic diagnosis. Four groups were diagnosed at the specific level: Ctenocephalides felis, Rhopalopsyllus lutzi, R. lugrubis and Tunga penetrans, and two groups as unidentified species, belonging to the genera Rhopalopsyllus and Polygenis. The parasitized animals were all mammals, belonging to eleven different species, distributed in the Orders Carnivora, Didelphimorphia, Rodentia and Cingulata. Studies on the parasitofauna of wild animals contribute to a greater knowledge about the distribution of parasitic agents and their relationships with the host species.

As pulgas são ectoparasitos eurixenos que podem parasitar diferentes espécies de animais de sangue quente, incluindo seres humanos, com possibilidade de causar irritação e espoliação sanguínea. São vetores responsáveis pela transmissão de inúmeros patógenos e apresentam ampla distribuição geográfica, com maior frequência em regiões quentes. Os animais domésticos (cães e gatos) são hospedeiros preferenciais, mas o parasitismo pode ocorrer também em hospedeiros selvagens, com maior variedade de espécies parasitas e forte interação entre esses sifonápteros e seus hospedeiros. Durante o período de janeiro de 2021 a junho de 2023, espécimes de pulgas foram coletados de animais selvagens provenientes da região metropolitana de Sorocaba, São Paulo. Alguns destes animais eram animais do plantel do próprio zoológico, que foram diagnosticados com o parasitismo durante exames de rotina e outros foram resgatados do ambiente natural e encaminhados ao zoológico. Os espécimes de pulgas coletadas foram acondicionados em álcool 700 GL e enviados para diagnóstico microscópico. Foram diagnosticados quatro grupos a nível específico: Ctenocephalides felis, Rhopalopsyllus lutzi, R. lugrubis e Tunga penetrans, e dois grupos como espécies não identificadas, pertencentes aos gêneros Rhopalopsyllus e Polygenis. Os animais parasitados eram todos mamíferos, pertencentes a onze espécies diferentes, distribuídas nas Ordens Carnivora, Didelphimorphia, Rodentia e Cingulata. Estudos sobre a parasitofauna de animais selvagens contribuem para um maior conhecimento sobre a distribuição de agentes parasitários e suas relações com as espécies hospedeiras.

Vertical and sagittal changes produced by an expander with differential opening and fan-type expander: A post-hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the sagittal and vertical cephalometric effects in participants treated with an expander with differential opening (EDO) versus the fan-type expander (FE). DESIGN: Two-arm parallel randomised clinical trial (RCT). METHODS: This study comprised cone-beam computed tomography-derived cephalometric images from 48 participants from a RCT. The sample was randomly allocated into two groups. The study was single-blinded. In total, 24 participants were treated with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) using EDO and 24 participants underwent RME using FE. The primary outcomes were the dentoskeletal vertical changes produced by RME. The secondary outcomes were the dentoskeletal sagittal changes. A cephalometric analysis was performed before treatment and 1 or 6 months after the active phase of RME using Dolphin Imaging Software. Intergroup comparisons of interphase changes were performed using the t-test and Mann-Whitney U test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The final sample comprised 24 patients (11 men, 13 women; mean age = 7.6 ± 0.9 years) in the EDO group and 24 patients (10 men, 14 women; mean age = 7.8 ± 0.9 years) in the FE group. Both expanders produced a similar clockwise rotation of the mandible (FMA; mean difference [MD] = 0.09°, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.01 to 0.84). In the FE group, a greater increase of the SNA angle was observed after expansion compared to the EDO group (MD = 1.04°, 95% CI = -1.90 to -1.58). A greater palatal torque of maxillary incisors was observed in the FE group (MD = 1.32°, 95% CI = 0.05-2.56). Of the participants, 54% reported a little discomfort during the active phase of treatment and 46% of the participants did not report any discomfort. CONCLUSION: Both expanders produced similar vertical cephalometric changes. FEs caused slightly more maxillary anterior displacement after expansion with a compensatory palatal torque of the maxillary incisors compared to the EDOs. However, the amount of sagittal difference was not clinically relevant. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, under the identifier NCT03705871.

Comparison of nasal cavity changes between the expander with differential opening and the fan-type expander: a secondary data analysis from an RCT.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to compare the nasal cavity skeletal changes between the expander with differential opening (EDO) and the fan-type expander (FE). METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of a previous randomized clinical trial. Forty-eight patients with posterior crossbite were randomly allocated into two study groups. Twenty-four patients (11 male, 13 female) with a mean initial age of 7.6 ± 0.9 years were treated with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) using the EDO. Twenty-four patients (10 male, 14 female) with a mean initial age of 7.8 ± 0.9 years were treated with the FE. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed before treatment and 1 to 6 months after the active phase of RME. Using frontal CBCT slices passing at the level of maxillary permanent first molars and maxillary deciduous canines, the width of the nasal cavity was measured in the lower, middle and upper thirds. Nasal cavity height was also evaluated in both slices. Intergroup comparisons of interphase changes were performed using t or Mann-Whitney tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The two groups were similar regarding baseline data. EDO showed a greater transverse increase in the lower third of the nasal cavity in both canine (P = 0.007) and molar regions (P < 0.001). No intergroup difference was observed for changes in middle and upper widths and height of the nasal cavity. CONCLUSIONS: Both expanders are effective in promoting an increase of the nasal cavity skeletal dimensions. The expander with differential opening produced a greater transverse increase in the lower third of the nasal cavity compared to the fan-type expander, both at the anterior and posterior regions of the maxilla. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: EDO might be more beneficial to pediatric patients with oral breathing and obstructive sleep apnea compared to FE.

Morphological anomalies in hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Brazil.

Tick abnormalities have been unusual in nature, and they can be divided into local and general. In the present study, external morphological anomalies were described in 31 individual adult ticks of 15 different species of Ixodidae, which were collected on wild hosts (20 ticks), domestic hosts (7 ticks), and in the environment (4 ticks) in 11 states of Brazil from 1998 to 2022. Among the 31 tick specimens, 14 (45%) were categorized as local anomalies, and 17 (55%) as general anomalies. The ticks were taxonomically identified into 14 species of Amblyomma, and one species of Rhipicephalus. Local anomalies included malformations of scutum/alloscutum, ectromely, leg atrophy, and a third ectopic spiracular plate. General anomalies included opisthosoma duplication, no expansion of dorsal alloscutum in engorged females, and gynandromorphism; the latter is described for 13 tick specimens. Morphological anomalies in Amblyomma aureolatum, Amblyomma brasiliense, Amblyomma humerale and Amblyomma longirostre are reported for the first time. Although the results herein expand the list of anomalous tick species in the Neotropics, future studies should be conducted to clarify the origin of these anomalies.

A new method for multispace analysis of multidimensional social exclusion.

Social phenomena are multidimensional and dependent on geographic space. Numerous methods are capable of representing multidimensional social phenomena through a composite indicator. Among these methods, principal component analysis (PCA) is the most used when considering the geographical perspective. However, the composite indicators built by the method are sensitive to outliers and dependent on the input data, implying informational loss and specific eigenvectors that make multi-space-time comparisons impossible. This research proposes a new method to overcome these problems: the Robust Multispace PCA. The method incorporates the following innovations. The sub-indicators are weighted according to their conceptual importance in the multidimensional phenomenon. The non-compensatory aggregation of these sub-indicators guarantees the function of the weights as of relative importance. Aggregating indicators in dimensions balances the weight structure of dimensions in the composite indicator. A new scale transformation function that eliminates outliers and allows multispatial comparison reduces by 1.52 times the informational loss of the composite indicator of social exclusion in eight cities' urban areas. The Robust Multispace-PCA has a high potential for appropriation by researchers and policymakers, as it is easy to follow, offers more informative and accurate representations of multidimensional social phenomena, and favors the development of policies at multiple geographic scales.

Closure of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis space in unilateral cleft lip and palate: a digital model assessment.

OBJECTIVE: To compare dental positional and gingival parameters of maxillary anterior teeth in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) after orthodontic treatment with canine substitution due to lateral incisor agenesis. METHODS: This split-mouth study comprised 57 subjects with UCLP (31 male, 26 female) and agenesis of maxillary lateral incisor at the cleft side, from a single center. Canine substitution was completed after the secondary alveolar bone graft. Dental models were taken between 2 to 6 months after debonding (mean age: 20.4 years). The following variables were measured in the maxillary anterior teeth: crown height, width, proportion, and symmetry, as well as steps between incisal edges, gingival margins, tooth mesiodistal angulation and labiolingual inclination. Paired t-tests with Bonferroni post-hoc correction was used for comparisons between cleft and non-cleft sides (p<0.05). RESULTS: At the cleft side, canines replacing missing lateral incisors had a higher crown height (0.77mm) and an increased width (0.67mm), and first premolars showed a shorter crown height (1.39mm). Asymmetries were observed in the gingival level of central and lateral incisors, with a greater clinical crown at the cleft side (0.61 and 0.81mm, respectively). Cleft side central incisors were more upright than their contralaterals (2.12º). CONCLUSIONS: Maxillary anterior teeth demonstrated positional, size and gingival height differences between cleft and non-cleft side after space closure of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis. Slight asymmetries in tooth position and gingival margin in the maxillary anterior teeth should be expected after orthodontic treatment in UCLP patients.

Canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus type 1 co-infection in a free-living hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus) from Brazil.

The present case is the first description of a co-infection with canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) in a free-living hoary fox pup from Brazil. The animal was found and rescued with poor body condition, dehydration, incoordination, ataxia, excessive vocalization, and "blue eyes" phenomenon. Despite the efforts, euthanasia was elected due to worsening clinical signs and poor prognosis. Pathologic examination revealed a mild, acute, random, necrotizing hepatitis, acute bronchopneumonia, hydrocephalus, corneal edema with epithelium degeneration, and acidophilic intracytoplasmatic inclusion bodies in different epithelial cells types with rare syncytial. Through immunohistochemistry, CDV antigen was observed in the tongue, trachea, lungs, liver, spleen, stomach, intestine and urinary bladder. Adenovirus antigen was identified in the nucleus of scattered hepatocytes. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing demonstrated high similarity with CAdV-1 and wild-type strain of CDV close related to Brazilian viral lineages isolated from domestic dogs. Disease surveillance in wildlife animals is essential to assess possible conservation threats and consider the implementation of mitigation or control measures.

What Factors Discriminate Young Soccer Players Perceived as Promising and Less Promising by Their Coaches?

Purpose: This study aimed to verify whether there are differences in physical, technical, and tactical assessment outcomes derived from field-based tests and small-sided games (SSG) in addition to anthropometric and maturational characteristics between players classified as promising and less promising as per the coaches' perception. Method: A total of 53 male U-15 youth soccer players (age: 14.8 ± 0.2 years, weight: 61.7 ± 6.9 kg, height: 171.8 ± 6.7 cm) and three experienced coaches from three distinct sports clubs were enrolled in this study. Based on the coaches' perception, players were split into three group levels for both short- and long-term success ranking: (i) promising (PL; top 5 players; n = 15), (ii) intermediate (IL; n = 23) and (iii) less promising (LPL; 5 bottom players; n = 15). The following measures were determined: anthropometry, maturity offset, vertical jump, and aerobic-anaerobic running performance, soccer- specific skills tests, GPS-based running metrics, technical and tactical actions during SSG, and minutes played throughout the season. Results: There were no differences between groups for anthropometrical, maturational, and physical outcomes. PL players in both rankings covered more distances at sprinting and presented more offensive technical and tactical actions during SSG than their LPL peers. PL and IL presented more minutes played in competitive seasons than LPL of short-term ranking. Conclusion: The biggest differences between the players ranked by their coaches were apparent only during a representative game task, emphasizing the importance of SSG as a tool to assess the players' technical-tactical awareness. In addition to the SSG, the coach's eye plays a key role during the talent identification and selection process.

Closure of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis space in unilateral cleft lip and palate: a digital model assessment

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare dental positional and gingival parameters of maxillary anterior teeth in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) after orthodontic treatment with canine substitution due to lateral incisor agenesis. Methods: This split-mouth study comprised 57 subjects with UCLP (31 male, 26 female) and agenesis of maxillary lateral incisor at the cleft side, from a single center. Canine substitution was completed after the secondary alveolar bone graft. Dental models were taken between 2 to 6 months after debonding (mean age: 20.4 years). The following variables were measured in the maxillary anterior teeth: crown height, width, proportion, and symmetry, as well as steps between incisal edges, gingival margins, tooth mesiodistal angulation and labiolingual inclination. Paired t-tests with Bonferroni post-hoc correction was used for comparisons between cleft and non-cleft sides (p<0.05). Results: At the cleft side, canines replacing missing lateral incisors had a higher crown height (0.77mm) and an increased width (0.67mm), and first premolars showed a shorter crown height (1.39mm). Asymmetries were observed in the gingival level of central and lateral incisors, with a greater clinical crown at the cleft side (0.61 and 0.81mm, respectively). Cleft side central incisors were more upright than their contralaterals (2.12º). Conclusions: Maxillary anterior teeth demonstrated positional, size and gingival height differences between cleft and non-cleft side after space closure of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis. Slight asymmetries in tooth position and gingival margin in the maxillary anterior teeth should be expected after orthodontic treatment in UCLP patients.

RESUMO Objetivo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo comparar parâmetros dentários posicionais e gengivais de dentes anteriores superiores em pacientes com fissura labiopalatina transforame unilateral (FLPTU) após tratamento ortodôntico com substituição de incisivo lateral ausente por canino, devido a agenesia. Métodos: Esse estudo de boca dividida reuniu uma amostra, de um mesmo centro especializado de tratamento, de 57 indivíduos com FLPTU (31 homens, 26 mulheres) e agenesia do incisivo lateral superior no lado da fissura. A substituição do incisivo lateral por um canino foi concluída após o enxerto ósseo alveolar secundário. Os modelos dentários foram obtidos entre dois e seis meses após a remoção do aparelho (idade média: 20,4 anos). Foram mensuradas nos dentes anteriores as variáveis: altura, largura, proporção e simetria da coroa, bem como as distâncias entre as bordas incisais, margens gengivais, angulação mesiodistal e inclinação vestibulolingual. O teste t pareado com correção post-hoc de Bonferroni foi usado para comparações entre os lados fissurados e não fissurados (p<0,05). Resultados: No lado fissurado, os caninos que substituíram os incisivos laterais ausentes apresentaram uma altura de coroa maior (0,77 mm) e uma largura aumentada (0,67 mm). Os primeiros pré-molares apresentaram uma altura de coroa menor (1,39 mm). Assimetrias foram observadas no nível gengival dos incisivos centrais e laterais, com maior coroa clínica no lado fissurado (0,61 e 0,81mm, respectivamente). Os incisivos centrais do lado fissurado estavam mais intruídos do que os contralaterais (2,12 mm). Conclusão: Os dentes anteriores superiores demonstraram diferenças de posição, tamanho e altura gengival entre os lados fissurado e não fissurado, após o fechamento do espaço da agenesia dos incisivos laterais superiores. Leves assimetrias na posição do dente e margem gengival nos dentes anteriores superiores devem ser esperadas após o tratamento ortodôntico em pacientes com fissura labiopalatina transforame unilateral.

Lack of serological and molecular evidences of Zika virus circulation in non-human primates in three states from Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Zika virus (ZIKV) was discovered in 1947 with the virus isolation from Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) in Uganda forest, Africa. Old World Primates are involved in a sylvatic cycle of maintenance of this arbovirus, however a limited knowledge about the role of New World primates in ZIKV transmission cycles has been established. OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to investigate the presence of enzootic circulation of ZIKV in New World Primates from three Brazilian states: São Paulo, Paraíba, and Paraná. METHODS: We analyzed 100 non-human primate samples collected in 2018 and 2020 from free-ranging and captive environments from São Paulo (six municipalities belonging to Sorocaba region), Paraíba (João Pessoa municipality), and Paraná (Foz do Iguaçu municipality) using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase reaction (RT-qPCR) assays, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). FINDINGS: All samples (n = 141) tested negative for the presence of ZIKV genome from tissue and blood samples. In addition, all sera (n = 58) from Foz do Iguaçu' non-human primates (NHPs) were negative in serological assays. MAIN CONCLUSION: No evidence of ZIKV circulation (molecular and serological) was found in neotropical primates. In addition, the absence of antibodies against ZIKV suggests the absence of previous viral exposure of NHPs from Foz do Iguaçu-PR.

Influence of rapid maxillary expansion in the stability of anterior open bite treatment.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the stability of anterior open bite (AOB) in patients treated with and without rapid maxillary expansion (RME) before fixed palatal crib (PC) therapy in the mixed dentition. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Expansion/palatal crib group (EPC) was comprised of 25 patients (10 male, 15 female, mean initial age of 7.8 years) with AOB treated with RME before PC therapy. Palatal crib group (PC) included 25 patients with AOB (10 male, 15 female, mean initial age of 8.0 years) treated only with PC therapy. Lateral cephalograms were analyzed at pre-treatment (T0), after PC therapy (T1), and 3 years after PC removal (T2) in both groups. AOB relapse was considered when a negative overbite was observed at T2. Intergroup comparisons of interphase changes were performed using t and Mann-Whitney tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Treatment and post-treatment alterations showed similar changes in both groups for all cephalometric variables. Overall changes from T0 to T2 were similar between the groups except for the maxillary incisors that tipped lingually in PC group (1.PP = - 3.37°) and labially in EPC group (1.PP = 1.76°). The frequency of AOB relapse was 8% and 4% in the EPC and PC groups, respectively. Treatment time in the EPC group (9.7 months) was shorter (p = 0.024) when compared to the PC group (11.0 months). CONCLUSIONS: In the mixed dentition, stability of AOB treated with RME before fixed PC therapy was similar to PC therapy alone. However, treatment time with fixed PC was slightly shorter in the group treated with RME. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study aims to understand if RME performed previously to fixed palatal crib contributes to the index of stability of AOB treatment in the mixed dentition.

Weak genotype x environment interaction suggests that measuring scrotal circumference at 12 and 18 mo of age is helpful to select precocious Brahman cattle.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotype x environment interaction (GxE) for scrotal circumference (SC) measured at different ages using pedigree-based (A-1) and pedigree and genomic-based (H-1) relationship matrices. Data from 1,515 Brahman bulls, from the Cooperative Research Centre for Beef Genetic Technologies (Beef CRC) experimental dataset, were used in this study. SC was adjusted to age and body weight measured at 6 mo (SC6), 12 mo (SC12), 18 mo (SC18), and 24 mo of age (SC24). Body weight (BW) measured at 6 mo (BW6), 12 mo (BW12), 18 mo (BW18), and 24 mo of age (BW24) was used as criteria to describe the environment for SC in each age. All the animals measured were genotyped using medium-density SNP chips ("50k" or "70k" SNP) and their genotype were imputed using a reference panel with 729,068 SNP. The environment gradient (EG) was obtained by standardizing the solutions of the contemporary groups obtained by Animal Model with BW as the dependent variable. Then, the reaction norms (RN) were determined through a Random Regression Model. The breeding values (EBV) were estimated using either A-1 or H-1. The rank correlation was obtained using Spearman's correlation among the EBV estimated for the traits in analysis. For SC6 and SC24, higher estimates of heritability (h²) were obtained using A-1, when compared with those observed with H-1. In those ages, the improvement of the environment decreases the h² coefficient. On the other hand, the h² for SC12 and SC18 increased as the environment became more favorable, regardless of the matrix used. The RN for SC6 and SC24 estimated using A-1 and H-1 showed a decrease of variance from the worst to the best environment, an indication of existence of GxE. On the other hand, for SC12 and SC18, there were no significant differences between the EBV estimated in the lower and in the higher environments, regardless of the kinship matrix used, suggesting absence of GxE on those ages. Spearman's correlation among EBV estimated using A-1 and H-1 in different EG was practically equal to unity for all traits evaluated. In our study, there was weak evidence of GxE effect on SC in ages suitable for selection for sexual precocity. So, the absence of GxE at 12 and 18 mo means that these ages are advantageous for measuring SC to selection for sexual precocity. The advantage is that no changes in classification were observed when the sires were evaluated in different environments.

Beef production systems rely on efficient cow-calf operations, that is, farms where the cow herd has a high level of fertility and pregnancies are common. Bull fertility also plays an important role in terms of pregnancy rates. To increase herd fertility, cattle breeders and genetic selection programs use some indicator traits that are related to fertility. A common indicator trait used is scrotal circumference (SC), which like most reproduction traits are influenced by the animal's genetics and its environment. For some traits, when the environment has a large effect and it interacts with the genetics of the animals, selection might be less successful. Therefore, it is important to investigate genotype by environment interactions and their effect on reproduction traits used for selection. In this study, SC was measured at four different ages in Brahman cattle. We found weak evidence of genotype by environment effect on SC measured at 12 and 18 mo. In short, SC measured at these ages can be a good indicator of sexual precocity. No changes in sire rankings were observed when SC was measured at those ages, meaning that selecting the best sire is more straightforward than if the environment was playing a bigger role.

Diagnosis and successful treatment of Brazillian porcupine poxvirus infection in a free-ranging hairy dwarf porcupine (Coendu spinosus).

Brazilian porcupine poxvirus (BPoPV) is a new poxvirus recently described in porcupines (Coendou prehensilis) from Brazil. Herein, we described a free-ranging adult male Coendou (Sphiggurus) spinosus rescued after being found lethargic on the ground in a rural area. The animal presented crusty, edematous, and suppurative skin lesions on the face, tail, and perineum, and yellowish ocular secretion. The diagnosis was performed by histopathology, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), PCR, and sequencing. Microscopically, proliferative and necrotizing dermatitis, subacute, multifocal with ballooning degeneration, and eosinophilic intracytoplasmic viral inclusion bodies were observed. TEM confirmed large brick-shaped virions inside the keratinocyte cytoplasm, measuring about 200-280 × 120-180 nm. Partial fragment of intracellular mature virion membrane protein gene and putative metalloproteinase gene was successfully amplified and sequenced, and the strain herein denoted IAL/21 V-102 was classified as BPoPV, showing 99.4% of nucleotide identity to the reference strain UFU/USP001. Enrofloxacin 10% (10 mg/kg) was administered every 24 h through intramuscular injection for 10 days, dipyrone/metamizole (25 mg/kg) every 24 h orally (PO) for 3 days, 0.5 ml (mL) of thymomodulin every 24 h PO for 30 days, and each 48 h for another 15 days. The lesions were cleaned and debrided every 15 days. Seventy-five days after the beginning of the treatment, the cutaneous lesions regressed, the animal gained weight, and was clinically stable. After treatment, the skin biopsy showed only mild epidermal acanthosis, intra-cellular edema, and mild lymphoplasmacytic perivascular dermatitis. No viral particles were observed by TEM and no poxviral DNA was amplified by PCR. This study documents the first case of confirmed and treated BPoPV infection in a hairy dwarf porcupine. The implemented therapeutic plan eliminated the infection and improved the general state of the animal.

"Estágio de pós-graduação" em Serviço Social no sociojurídico: aproximações preliminares / "Postgraduate Internship" in Social Work in sociojuridical: preliminar approaches

Resumo: O artigo tem por objetivo analisar a forma de trabalho precarizado que se escamoteia por "estágio de pós-graduação" na área Sociojurídica. Situa-se o debate no bojo da contrarreforma administrativa, desencadeada após o golpe de 2016, e dos influxos da precarização hoje. Argumenta-se a partir da análise de alguns editais de contratação, denunciando suas armadilhas e riscos para a formação, o trabalho e a garantia de direitos. Conclui-se apontando algumas possibilidades de resistência.

Abstract: The article aims to analyze the form of precarious work that is concealed by "postgraduate internship" in the Sociojuridical area. The debate is located in the midst of the administrative counter-reform triggered after the 2016 coup and the inflow of precariousness today. It argues based on the analysis of some hiring notices denouncing their pitfalls and dangers for work and the guarantee of rights. We conclude by pointing out some possibilities of resistance.